In the course of its evolution, plants have developed various mechanisms that act on the local and systemic levels and which role is to adapt plants to the environment they live in. One of these mechanisms is widely recognized plant defense system directed against biotic factors, to which belongs, among the others, pathogen attack.

In recent years there have been many simple and effective procedures for the transformation of plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes through. This produces a soil plant pathogen włośnikowatych root formation in tissue injury. Just as A. tumefaciens is capable of transferring its megaplazmidu Ri fragment into plant cells, where it undergoes stable integration and expression. While the induction of transgenic roots by A. rhizogenes infection occurs in a relatively short period of time, to obtain transgenic plants via A. tumefaciens is a minimum of four to six months.

For many years, mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) is used as a model plant. He found wide application in molecular biology, genetics and physiology of plants. An important breakthrough in the methodology of genetic transformation of plants was demonstrated for Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants able to obtain without the use of in vitro cultures. In planta transformation method was described over 20 years ago. In this paper, the changes made in the procedure for genetic transformation of Arabidopsis in recent years.

Oxygen molecule in the ground state is relatively reactive . However, it can be the source of the reactive derivative , called reactive oxygen species (ROS ) , both produced as a result of the metabolic activity of cells , as well as plants after exposure to various stress factors . In a progressive one-electron reduction of oxygen occurs to produce partially reduced intermediates , which are in the order of superoxide anion radical ( O2 - • ) , hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) .

The discovery of a number of important points signaling pathways in studies of plant response to biotic stress was made possible by the use of mutants of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The availability of mutants, a knock-out, obtained by chemical mutagenesis or insertion mutants line allows you to focus on a specific issue without the time-consuming research to create their own mutants.

Professor Maria J. Olszewska Her life and achievements of the scientific and academic

Ladies and Gentlemen, We put at your hands Supplement Progress of Cell Biology , which is the outcome of our intended Conference Fri Challenges of Contemporary Cell Biology . This conference was related to the 80 Anniversary Birthday Jubilee Professor dr hab. Mary J. Olszewska , member . thing. PAS, a retired professor at the University of Lodz , an eminent scientist and academic teacher , as well as multi- Editor-in- Progress of Cell Biology . The organizer of the Conference was Cytobiology Sciences Committee , and Chairman of the Organizing Committee - prof. dr hab. Andrew K.

Genetic transformation of plants plays an important role in modern biotechnology. Genetically modified plants are of increasing interest, not only the crop plants, but also as potential natural bioreactors for the production of biopharmaceuticals and other valuable secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins are used in therapy of numerous diseases, as vaccines, diagnostics, and industrial enzymes. Intensive work on the use of transgenic plants in the process of phytoremediation.