The primary role in the course of protein import into mitochondria play channels allow translocation of proteins through the mitochondrial membrane and their incorporation into the area of the membranes. In the outer mitochondrial membrane import channel is located TOM complex (translocase of the outer membrane of the) channel and participating in the folding of proteins with complex structure keg b TOB (the topogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane?-Barrel proteins). In turn, in the intima of the two channels are located on a separate substrate specificity. They operate within the TIM complexes (the translocase of the inner membrane); TIM23 and TIM22. There is no doubt that the channels of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus are important milestones in the course of protein import into mitochondriów.W therefore they serve as an important target in the treatment of human diseases of mitochondrial origin.