Increasing number of type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) represents a major health problem both for physicians and scientists. Despite characterization of endothelial dysfunction and application of new therapeutic strategies, numerous vascular complications lead to earlier death of diabetic patients. It was demonstrated that increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes positively correlates with impaired functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Moreover, hyperglycemia also attenuates their activities in vitro and in vivo. EPC are able to promote vascular growth and repair vascular injuries, however the exact mechanism of their action is not fully elucidated. They can incorporate into damaged vessels, but growing body of evidence also suggests a paracrine mode of action. Using EPC in cell therapy it may be possible to improve and accelerate healing of chronic wounds and leg ulcers in diabetic patients. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the potential risk of enhanced angiogenesis due to EPC for example in diabetic retinopathy.