RAS proteins play a key role in regulating growth and differentiation of cells taking part in the activation of intracellular relay chain. Ras gene mutations, observed in approximately 30% of cancers in humans leads to the production of RAS proteins transmit signals to the cells not subject to regulation by extracellular cytokines. That for the operation of the RAS proteins, it is necessary their combination with the cell membrane, which depends on the reaction involving the farnesylation of farnesyl transferase, leading to synthesize compounds which inhibit the enzyme. The article presents the role of RAS proteins in signal transduction into cells, their post-translational modification and mechanisms of activation of RAS proteins leading to changes in cell phenotype. And further characterized by different groups of farnesyl transferase inhibitors and summarizes the test results carried out so far with their use.