Until recently the kidney has not been considered as an important organ in iron metabolism. However, the investigation of last decade showed that even under physiological conditions significant amounts of iron proteins undergo glomerular filtration and are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. In the case of hemolytic diseases exposition of the kidney towards iron is increased and dependent on plasma haptoglobin level. Uptake of iron protein in the proximal tubule occurs via endocytosis mediated by a tandem of receptors megalin and cubilin. A chaperon protein amnionless is essential for proper functioning of the complex. Moreover, it has been shown that proteins important in iron metabolism such as DMT-1, hephaestin and ferroportin are expressed in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. The article highlights main achievements in this field, and presents a scheme of molecular mechanism of kidney iron metabolism.