Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the most frequent and most serious types of muscular dystrophies. Both molecular aspects and efficient methods of DMD therapy are not known yet. C. elegans is a promising experimental model in the research on DMD. The paper demonstrates important similarities between structure and function of C. elegans and human muscle cells, which enable a more precise analysis of the muscle degeneration process. The role of ion channels EGL-19 and BK-SLO in muscle degeneration in C. elegans was indicated. The effects of the dyb-1, dyc-1, stn-1 mutations which are associated with muscle degeneration in C. elegans were also described. The knowledge of these genes can be a promising aspect in the research on their function in human. Moreover, C. elegans was pointed out as a model organism in research on efficiency of potential pharmacological compounds which are used or could be used in the therapy of DMD. The beneficial effect of prednisone, serotonine, methazolamide and dichlorophenamide was described. The significance of synaptic transmission and proper structure of proteins responsible for muscle contraction in C. elegans muscle degeneration were also indicated.