Controlled degradation of the proteins is involved in the regulation of many important cellular processes , including cell cycle , differentiation , management and distribution of protein , and programmed cell death. For several years, it is known that the degradation of specific proteins is also a very important part of the mechanisms governing the biogenesis of chloroplasts and their adaptations to changing environmental conditions and that the protease responsible for the digestion of proteins are localized in the chloroplast chloroplasts themselves . It was found that part of the chloroplast protease is responsible for the proteolytic processing of precursor forms of chloroplast proteins , some catalyze the degradation processes of the photosynthetic apparatus associated with adaptation to variations in light intensity and temperature , and another group of proteases chloroplast protein attacks the damaged compartment sent to the wrong place inside the chloroplast or synthesized the relative amounts of associated niestechiometrycznych with them in vivo other proteins or cofactors . In this paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on wewnątrzchloroplastowej kompartmentacji individual proteases , their structure (including structural homology to bacterial proteases ) and functional properties and variability of expression in response to the changing context of ontogenetic and environmental.