Vanadium derivatives, besides the impact on growth, development and differentiation of certain species and antidiabetic properties, may also affect the cells and induce their apoptosis, proliferation or neoplastic transformation. This effect depends on the model of experience and its conditions. Compounds of vanadium can act as promująco inhibitory factors or pro-or anti-cancer, i.e. induce or inhibit growth and survival of neoplastic cell proliferation. They act on animal and human cells, affecting not only on tumor cells but also normal. These results have been confirmed by many researchers, as well as in our preliminary experiments.