FIND ARTICLE

REGENERATIVE AND IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Many studies on medical application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are currently performed. Regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of these cells are very promising. In this paper we review the literature concerning differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells and their effects on immune response. We demonstrate the clinical application of these cells and, shortly, their phenotype and isolation methods.

THREE DIMENSIONAL MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS CULTURES AS A MODEL FOR STUDYING THE PROCESSES OF DIFFERENTIATION

The mammary gland is an organ comprised of branched ductal network terminated by secretory alveoli and embedded in mesenchymal stroma. Mammary alveoli, built by myoepithelial and epithelial cells with apico basal polarity, obtain their functional differentiation only during lactogenesis. For this reason they represent a good model for studies on differentiation process of epithelium.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMARY GLAND STEM CELLS

Stem cells are cells with a capacity to self-renew and to generate daughter cells that can differentiate into different cell lineages to form all the cell types that are found in the mature tissue. The activity of mammary stem cells and their mitotic progeny is fundamental to normal mammary growth, differentiation and regeneration in successive cycles of pregnancy, lactation and involution. The isolation and characterization of mammary stem cells is fundamental to understanding mammary gland development and tissue homeostasis as well as breast oncogenesis.

INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS HOPES, FEARS AND VISIONS

In 2006 first paper describing reprogramming of fibroblast into pluripotent cell, i.e. one that is able to differentiate into all tissues was published. Before that spectacular achievement many projects devoted to study the mechanisms of cell de-differentiation led to the establishment of animal cloning techniques and also derivation of embryonic stem cell lines. Present review summarizes the history of these studies and also describes pioneer works leading to derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells, current methods of reprogramming, and possible applications of these cells.

EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS - SEARCHING FOR THE PLURIPOTENCY

In 2007, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded to Martin Evans, Mario Cappecchiemu and Olivier Smithiesowi. Martin Evans has been honored for the isolation of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells), two other researchers for developing methods of genetic modification of these komórek.Tutaj presents the history of obtaining embryonic stem cells, methods of inducing their differentiation targeted in vivo and in vitro, as well as selected issues associated with the potential use of these cells for therapy.

Differentiation of the thymic epithelial cells

Thymic epithelial cells constitute the major component of the thymus microenvironment responsible for maturation of immunocompetent T-cells. Differentiation of epithelial cells requires a series of stage- and site-specific cellular interactions. In the early stages of histogenesis of the thymus the interactions between pharyngeal endoderm and mesenchymal cells of neural crest take place. They are controlled by the activity of several genes and its products, transcription factors. Suppression of these genes results in various developmental changes in thymus.

The Editorial Board
Andrzej Łukaszyk - przewodniczący, Zofia Bielańska-Osuchowska, Szczepan Biliński, Mieczysław Chorąży, Aleksander Koj, Włodzimierz Korochoda, Leszek Kuźnicki, Aleksandra Stojałowska, Lech Wojtczak

Editorial address:
Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, ul. Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, tel. +48 61 8546453, fax. +48 61 8546440, email: mnowicki@ump.edu.pl

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