The main component of the outer surface of the eukaryotic cell membrane Sugar moieties. Their presence determines the physicochemical, immunological and biological properties of the cell membrane. The oligosaccharide residues, as individuals carrying an unusually rich biological information, also play a crucial role in intercellular interactions. In the process of fertilization, the interaction of glycoprotein receptors and their ligands present on the surface of male and female gametes, determining the species-specific recognition and subsequent fertilization stages. The paper also presents aspects of the development of a contraceptive vaccine, based on the structures of the male gamete.