Introduction: multipotential stem cells are already applied for guided tissue regeneration, therefore the challenge of contemporary dentistry is to apply dental pulp stem cells for guided dentin regeneration. The in vitro and in vivo studies as well as a molecular analysis showed such a possibility. So far, bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) have been successfully utilized for treatment of the autoimmunological syndromes and cancers. BMSC have been well recognized, however the way of their isolation maybe hazardous for a patient. Thus researchers are taking efforts to recruit stem cells from the better accessible sources. Molecular studies discovered the presence of multipotential stem cells in dental pulp (DPSC). When culture under the scrutinized conditions the dental pulp stem cells differentiate into odontoblasts and subsequently in vivo produce a dentin and dentin - pulp complex. It is expected that tissue engineering with DPSC will allow for replacement of traditional dental materials to in vitro generated dentin. Aim of the study: a review of the newest data concerning specificity of DPSC, as well as their possibilities of application in dentistry has been made. Moreover comparison of DPSC and BMSC has been studied.